Hand loom



M y 1944- R. c. JONES ETAL 2,350,167

HAND LOOM Filed March 12, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 5:9 53 mVz May 30, 1944.

R. c. JON-ES ET AL HAND LQOM Filed March 12'. 1942 2 SheetS-Sheet 2Patented May 30, 1944 HAND LOOM Rhoda C.

Jones and William B. Craft, "Manchester, Ky.

Application March 12, 1942, Serial No. 434,420

4 Claims.

This invention relates to a hand loom of very simple construction, whichis capable of being economically manufactured and sold, and which can bereadily used by a person having no skill in weaving.

Another aim of the invention is to provide a hand loom that can beconstructed in a plurality of sizes, including miniature or toy looms tobe used by children for weaving.

More particularly, it is the aim of the invention to provide a hand loomhaving a single heddle of very simple construction and which operates tomove alternate warp threads either above or below the normal plane ofthe warp threads for forming the shed either above or below the nor malplane of the threads.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will hereinafter becomemore fully apparent from the following description of the drawings,which illustrate a preferred embodiment thereof, and wherein: Figure 1is a top plan view of a loom constructed in accordance with theinvention, Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the same, Figure 3 isa longitudinal vertical sectional view taken substantially along a planeof the lines 33 of Figure 1, Figures 4 and 5 are cross sectional viewstaken substantially along the plane of the lines 4-4 and 55,respectively, of Figure l, and Figure 6 is a top plan view of one end ofthe loom and showing the woof applied to the warp threads by means of aconventional shuttle.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, wherein like referencecharacters designate like or corresponding parts throughout thedifferent views. I i) designates generally the hand loom, comprising theinvention, in its entirety.

Loom I includes a frame II formed of side plates I 2 connected by aplurality of spacing bars I3, which hold the plates I2 in upright andsubstantially parallel relationship to each other. A cloth beam I4 isprovided with restricted ends I which are journaled in plates I2, at oneend of the frame II. Cloth beam I4 is provided with radially projectinghandles I5, near one end thereof, by which the cloth beam can be turned.An upper warp beam I1 is provided with restricted ends I8 which arejournaled in the plates I2, adjacent the opposite end of the frame I I-.A lower warp beam I9 has restricted ends 23 which are journaled in theplates I2, below and adiacent the warp beam I'I. Cloth beam I 4 isprovided with a plurality of studs or fastening 21 by means of whichcorresponding ends of a plurality of warp threads 22 are attached to thebeam I4. Alternate threads 22 have their oppo- Lll cloth beam I4. Aguide roller 23 is journaled in the plates I2 and is disposed in theframe II above and adjacent the cloth beam I4, and the warp threads 22are trained over the roller 23. A similar roller 24 is journaled in theplates I2 and is disposed in the frame II above and 'adjacent the upperwarp beam I1. I The warp threads 22, which are wound on the beam H, aretrained over the roller 24, which is disposed at substantially the samelevel as the roller23, and the warp threads 22, which are wound on thebeam l9, pass beneath the roller 24 and are spaced therefrom, as bestseen in Figure 3.

The ends I5, I8 and project from the outer sides of the plates I 2 andone of each of said ends is provided with a brake, designated generally25. The brakes 25 each include an elongated strip, preferably of metal,forming a brake band 26. Band 26 has one end anchored. by means offastening 21 to the frame I l' and a threaded bolt 28 extending throughand projecting from the opposite end thereof. An abutment 29 is securedto and projects outwardly from the frame II and the bolt 28 extendslosely therethrough and is provided with a wing nut 3ilwhichbearsagainst the outer side of the abutment 29. .An intermediate portion 3|of the band 25 is bent to arcuate form and engages around a portion ofan end I5 I8 or 2!]. By tightening the nut 30 portion 3| will be drawninto frictional engagement with the end, which it engages, for holdingthe beam I4, I1 or I9, with which it is associated; against rotation inthe frame I I.

A shaft 32 has restricted ends 33 which extend through and are journaledin the plates I2. Shaft 32 is disposed between and slightly below thelevel of the rollers 23 and 24. An elongated plate 35 is slottedlaterally from adjacent one longitudinal edge thereof to the oppositeedge thereof to form a comb having a plurality of tines or arms .35. Theplate or comb 35 is bent intermediate of its longitudinal edges intoangular form so that the opposite ends of the tines 35 are disposedsubstantially at right angles to one another. A portion of the shaft 32,between the plates I2, is divided longitudinally to form a removablesection 31 which is detachably connected to the shaft 32 by fastenings38. The free ends of the tines 36 are disposed between the shaft 32 andits removable section 37 and are clamped therebetween by the fastenings38 to support the comb 35 so that the tines 36 project outwardly fromthe shaft 32' and then upwardly. The tines 36, near their apexes and inthe portions thereof which are radially disposed relatively to the shaft32, are provided with openings or eyes 39 through which the threads 22,which are Wound on the beam 19,, loosely extend. Levers 4i] are attachedto the ends 33 of the shaft 32, on the outer sides of the plates l2, andproject outwardly therefrom for oscillating the shaft 32. A stop 4|projects outwardly from each plate l2 to engage and limit swinging movement of the levers 4!! in a direction for raising. the comb 35 so thatthe comb cannot be moved above its dotted line position in Figure 3.

A rod 42 is disposed above. each of the plates 12 and has downturnedends which are secured in the upper edge of a plate l2. Rods 42 aredisposed intermediate of the; ends of the frame H and extend to pointsadjacent the roller 23. A heater or reed 43 includes an elongated,substantially rectangular frame 44 the upper rail of which is providedwith extensions forming handles 4.5. The shanks of thehandles 45 areprovided With-openings 46 which slidably engage rods 42 for supportingthe; reed 43 transversely of and withinthe frame .I I and for mountingthe reed for a longitudinal liding movement in the frame. The-reed 43depends downwardly and is provided with spaced perpendicular rod orwires 41 which extend between the threads 22, as best seen in Figure 4.The reed 43 is disposed between the guide roller 23 and the shaft 32.Upper edges of-the plates 12 are provided witharcuately shaped recesses48, between the roller 23 and the shaft 32.

From the foregoing it willbe obvious that the brakes 25 and the warpbeams l7 and I9 can be loosened to provide sufficient slack in the warpthreads 22. The threads 22,, which are wound on the lower warp beaml9',-are provided with sufficient slack so that these threads can bemoved to their fullv line or dottedline positions of Figure 3. Whenproperly tensioned, warp beams I! and I9 are held against rotation byapplying the brakes 25, which are associated therewith. When the lovers40 are moved to their full line position of Figure 3, the. threads 22,which are connected to the beaml will be disposed below the otherthreads. 22 to form the passage or shed, below the normal plane. of thethreads. When the levers) are moved to their dotted line position. ofFigure 3 these threads, which en e the comb 35, will be disposed above,the plane of the other threads 22 to form the passage or shedthereabove. In Figure 6 the woof'is shown at 49. after havin been passeda plurality of times alternately through upper and lower passages. orsheds, as previously described, by means of a conventional shuttle 50.The weaving operation, illustrated in Figure 6, is conventional. Therecesses 48 are provided to permit the passage of the shuttle 59 backand forth through the frame H. The reed 43' is normally disposed betweenthe comb,35 and the woof 49 and is adapted to be slid toward the woof sothat the wires 61 will engage the woof to pack the rows thereof closelytogether. From time to time all three of the brakes 25 are released sothat the cloth beam l4 can be revolved by its'handle. It for windingcloth onto said beam.

From the foregoing it will be readily apparent that only one-half of thewarp threads 22 are raised and lowered and for this reason two warpbeams must be provided, due to the difference in the amount of slackbetween these threads and the stationary threads 22. The eyes 39 aremade sufilciently large so that the threads 22 of different thicknessescan readily be passed therethrough, It will also be readily apparentthat the stationary threads will extend through the spaces between thetines 36 .so as not to interfere with the movement of the heddle,designated generally 5!, and which is formed by the shaft 32 and thecomb 35.

Various modifications and changes are contemplated and may obviously beresorted to, providedthey fall within the spirit and scope of theinvention as hereinafter defined by the appended claims, as only apreferred embodiment of the invention has been disclosed.

We claim as our invention:

1. A loom comprising a frame, a cloth beam mounted in One end of theframe and to which corresponding ends of a plurality of warp threads areadapted to be attached, a warp beam mounted in the opposite end of saidframe and to which the opposite ends of alternate warp threads areattached, a second warp beam mounted in said last mentioned end of theframe and below the first mentioned warp beam and to which the oppositeends of the remaining warp threads are attached, a shaft. journal'ed. insaid frame intermediate the ends thereof for oscillation, a plurality ofarms 'projecting radially from the shaft to form a heddle, said armshaving portions radia1 with respect to said shaft provided with eyesadjacent their outer ends through which said last mentioned warp threadsare adapted to loosely extend, said arms having angular portions risingfrom said portions spaced from one another and being disposed formovement between the first mentioned warp threads, and such shaftfunctioning through oscillation to raise or lower the last mentionedwarp threads to form the shed either above or below the normal plane ofthe warp threads.

2. A loom as in claim lhaving arched guide rods supported by said frameprovided with portions disposed above and longitudinally of the sidesthereof, and a reed or beater slidably supported by said portions of theguide rods and d pending into the frame and through which the warpthreads extend.

3. A loom as in claim 1 wherein the frame has upstanding side members,arched guide rods rising from the upper edges of saidside members andover said heddle, a beater'slidably mounted by said guide rods, saidside members being recessed in their upper edges below the guide rods tofacilitate operation of a shuttle.

4. In a loom, a heddle comprising an oscillating shaft, a comb memberconnected to said'shaft longitudinally thereof; said member comprisingtines each having portions which are at an angle to each other and oneof'which portions projects radially from the shaft, the radiallyprojecting portion having eyes for the warp threads of the loom,said'member having slots between the tines, and said slots being adaptedto receive the other war-pthreads, oscillation of said shaft functioningfor raising and lowering the first-mentioned threads relatively to thelast-mentioned threads to form the shed.

RHODA C. JONES. WILLIAM-B. CRAFT.

